We begin our review of structures and formulas by describing covalent compounds. In a covalent bond The electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and the negatively charged electrons they share., the atoms are held together by the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei of the bonded atoms and the negatively charged electrons they share. generally consist of molecules A group of atoms in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared between bonded atoms., which are groups of atoms in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared between bonded atoms. consist of positively and negatively charged ions held together by strong electrostatic forces, whereas covalent compounds A compound that consists of discrete molecules. Ionic compounds A compound consisting of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions) held together by strong electrostatic forces. Although purely ionic and purely covalent bonds represent extreme cases that are seldom encountered in anything but very simple substances, a brief discussion of these two extremes helps us understand why substances that have different kinds of chemical bonds have very different properties. In reality, however, the bonds in most substances are neither purely ionic nor purely covalent, but they are closer to one of these extremes. Collectively, we refer to the attractive interactions between atoms as chemical bonds An attractive interaction between atoms that holds them together in compounds.Ĭhemical bonds are generally divided into two fundamentally different kinds: ionic and covalent. Atoms form chemical compounds when the attractive electrostatic interactions between them are stronger than the repulsive interactions. between two species with the same charge (either both positive or both negative) results in a force that causes them to repel each other, as do the same poles of two magnets. In contrast, electrostatic repulsion An electrostatic interaction between two species that have the same charge (both positive or both negative) that results in a force that causes them to repel each other. between oppositely charged species (positive and negative) results in a force that causes them to move toward each other, like the attraction between opposite poles of two magnets. Electrostatic attraction An electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged species (positive and negative) that results in a force that causes them to move toward each other. The atoms in all substances that contain more than one atom are held together by electrostatic interactions An interaction between electrically charged particles such as protons and electrons.-interactions between electrically charged particles such as protons and electrons.
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